Reading task #2

According to Rudolph Pintner in “the Work of Binet” in “Intelligence Testing Methods and Results”, 1923, “Alfred Binet, who build the famous Binet-Simon Scale for the measurement of intelligence” (Pintner, 1923, p21). Pintner described that “Binet, who was born in France, studied medicine and interested in abnormal psychology, even published “the Psychology of Reasoning” and “Animal Magnetism”, also emphasized on children’s intelligence” (Pintner, 1923, p21-p22). Also, Pintner explained that “the processes of Binet’s working which were measurement, attention and adaptation, head measurements, higher mental processes, handwriting, feeblemindedness, the first scale, the 1908 scale, mental age, miscellaneous studies, insanity, the 1911 scale, test for soldiers, and conclusion” (Pintner, 1923, p23-p33). Then, in “the Development of Intelligence Testing after Binet”, Pintner noted that “the general development of intelligence testing after the work of Binet” (Pintner, 1923, p34). Finally, Pintner stated that “following seven steps which were the measurement movement in educational subjects, the introduction of the Binet Scale into America, the controversy over the Validity of the scale, clinical psychology, the Stanford revision, the appearance of other scales, and the group test to develop, enhance and glorify the intelligence testing” (Pintner, 1923, p35-p43).

Reading task #1

According to Rudolph Pintner in “Early History of Intelligence Testing” in “Intelligence Testing Methods and Results”, 1923, “there are two influences which are the sociological and the psychological to cause the development of intelligence test” (Pintner, 1923, p4). Pintner explained that “the sociological trend which point people’s attention to the faultily and delinquent classes in society” (Pintner, 1923, p4). Also, Pintner stated that “Ancient Period which did not have a lot of information to describe the feebleminded in that period; Medieval Period which emphasis of Christianity on kindness and forgiveness toward those who wanted to change their attitude of society; the Renaissance which emphasis of Protestantism on the responsibility of the feebleminded and insane people for their action and crime; Modern Period when was developed, characterized by a scientific interest in the insane and feebleminded; the Deaf which did not think about the charitable asylums that were found in early ages and caring for the outcasts and the defectives; the Blind which was the next step of the deaf, was natural that educators should extend it; the Feebleminded which had a case, “wild boy of aveyron” to describe it; Seguin who deal with the education and treatment of the feebleminded; Special Classes where educated the backward and dull children in the public schools; Psychological Clinic where care of the feebleminded in nineteenth century” (Pintner, 1923, p5-p11). Finally, Pintner suggested that “experimental psychology, the study of individual differences, the growth of eugenics and anthropological measurement affected in psychology and allied sciences that caused an interest in mental testing” (Pintner, 1923, p11).

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