Reading task #4

According to Rudolph Pintner in “the Pre-school Child” in “Intelligence Testing Methods and Results”, 1923, Pintner explained that “the present interest in the pre-school child has aroused a similar interest in the problem of intelligence testing at this age” (Pintner, 1923, p232). First, Pintner stated that intelligence test is easier for children whose ages from two to six than the first two years of life. Pintner also reported that “in general the I.Q. of young children has not been found to be as stable or consistent as the I.Q. of older children” (Pintner, 1923, p236). Second, Pintner introduced that there are four different results of “the Elementary School Pupil” (Pintner, 1923, p239). Pintner described that the intelligence test is being used to divide children into different groups. Pintner noted that “the second results of intelligence tests are being used to help determine the promotion, acceleration or demotion of pupils” (Pintner, 1923, p269). Also, Pintner showed that “a third use of intelligence tests is in the fields of educational and vocational guidance” (Pintner, 1923, p270). Then, Pintner found that the intelligence tests can connect with educational tests. Finally, Pintner revealed that “intelligence tests show that the high school pupil belongs in the upper half of the distribution of intelligence” (Pintner, 1923, p288).

Reading task #3

According to Rudolph Pintner in “the Scales” in “Intelligence Testing Methods and Results”, 1923, Pintner explained that “this chapter will show some scales used for individual testing” (Pintner, 1923, p135). First, Pintner introduced “the Binet scale” which can be divided to “the 1905 Scale”, “the 1908 Scale” and “the 1911 Scale”. Pintner described that “the 1905 Scale” was the first intelligence test, was published in 1905 by Binet, and this test was not distributed to ages; “the 1908 Scale” was the first age-scale and was divided from three years old to thirteen years old; “the 1911 Scale” was changed some parts and was edited of 1908 scale. Pintner noted that “these three scales show the progressive development of the idea of measuring intelligence by age steps” (Pintner, 1923, p143). Then, Pintner stated that “modifications of the Binet” which included four different revisions. Pintner reported that “the Goddard Revision”, Goddard, who introduced the Binet Scale into America and changed some points of that test; “the Kuhlmann Revision” which contained two revisions of Binet Scale. Finally, Pintner revealed that “the Point Scale which showed the pre-adolescent scale, the adolescent and adult scale, and the infant scale; the Stanford Revision which was indicates, an extension, elaboration and through revision of the original Binet Scale” (Pintner, 1923, p146-p149).